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On this page I collect my observations of the spiral galaxy NGC 7331 in the constellation Pegasus.
The spiral galaxy NGC 7331 in the constellation Pegasus is according to Stoyan only visible in telescopes. It is seen nearly edge-on. Close to it (visually), there are the galaxy NGC 7335 and three even smaller ones (NGC 7337 and NGC 7340) on an eVscope photo. An eVscope 2 photo shows even more small galaxies (see evaluation).
The NGC 7331 Group is a visual grouping of galaxies in the constellation Pegasus. Spiral galaxy NGC 7331 is a foreground galaxy in the same field as the collection, which is also called the Deer Lick Group. It contains four other members, affectionately referred to as the "fleas": the lenticular or unbarred spirals NGC 7335 and NGC 7336, the barred spiral galaxy NGC 7337, and the elliptical galaxy NGC 7340. These galaxies lie at distances between 300 and 400 million light years. Although adjacent on the sky, this collection is not a galaxy group, as NGC 7331 itself is not gravitationally associated with the far more distant "fleas"; indeed, even they are separated by far more than the normal distances (~2 Mly) of a galaxy group.
A little farther away visually, but still close to NGC 7331, there is Stephan's Quintet (with NGC 7317; at about 30' distance). With the eVscope 2 and the Vespera, it can be seen together with NGC 7331 on a photo.
| NGC 7331 | NGC 7317 | NGC 7335 | ||
Size: 4' x 1,5' / 10.5′ × 3.7' (Stoyan/Wikipedia) |
Size: 0.4' x 0.4' (Wikipedia) Distance: 304 millions light years (Wikipedia) Rating: --- |
Size: 1.2' x 0.6' (Wikipedia) Distance: 292 millions light years (Wikipedia) Rating: --- |
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| NGC 7336 | NGC 7337 | NGC 7340 | ||
| Size: 0.8' x 0.4' (Wikipedia) Distance: 403 millions light years (Wikipedia) Rating: --- |
Size: 1' x 0.8' (Wikipedia) Distance: 304 millions light years (Wikipedia) Rating: --- |
Size: 0.9' x 0.6' (Wikipedia) Distance: 296 millions light years (Wikipedia) Rating: --- |
The spiral galaxy NGC 7331 in the constellation Pegasus (Image Courtesy of SkySafari Astronomy, www.simulationcurriculum.com)
The spiral galaxy NGC 7331 in the constellation Pegasus with small galaxies. Stephan's Quintet (right) is close to the galaxy NGC 7331 (left) (Image Courtesy of SkySafari Astronomy, www.simulationcurriculum.com)
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NGC 7331 - Aug 24, 2020 |
NGC 7331 - Aug 24, 2020, processed |
NGC 7331 - Aug 24, 2020, processed; the largest small galaxy is NGC 7335* |
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*) NGC 7340 (bottom left), NGC 7337 (bottom right), NGC 7336 (top left) | ||
NGC 7331 - Sep 9, 2020 |
NGC 7331 - Sep 9, 2020 |
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NGC 7331 - Sep 9, 2020, processed |
NGC 7331 - Sep 9, 2020, processed |
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NGC 7331 - Nov 2, 2022 (third sample) |
NGC 7331 - Nov 2, 2022, photo left processed |
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NGC 7331 & SQ - Sep 6, 2023, 10 min |
NGC 7331 & SQ - Sep 6, 2023, photo left processed |
Evaluation with nova.astrometry.net |
Galaxies close to NGC 7331: NGC 7325, NGC 7326, NGC 7327, NGC 7335, NGC 7336, NGC 7337, NGC 7338 (double star), NGC 7340
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NGC 7331 & SQ, Aug 25, 2022 - original (90 frames = 900 seconds) |
Evaluation with nova.strometry.net |
Galaxies close to NGC 7331: IC 1450, NGC 7325, NGC 7326, NGC 7327, NGC 7333 (double star), NGC 7335, NGC 7336, NGC 7337, NGC 7338 (double star), NGC 7340
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NGC 7331 - Feb 7, 2020 |
NGC 7331 - Feb 7, 2020, processed |
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NGC 7331 - Aug 24, 2020 |
NGC 7331 - Aug 24, 2020, processed |
NGC 7331 - Aug 24, 2020, processed; the largest small galaxy is NGC 7335* |
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| *) NGC 7340 (bottom left), NGC 7337 (bottom right), NGC 7336 (top left) | ||||
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NGC 7331 - Sep 9, 2020 |
NGC 7331 - Sep 9, 2020 |
NGC 7331 - Oct 9, 2021, somewhat fuzzy |
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NGC 7331 - Sep 9, 2020, photo on top processed |
NGC 7331 - Sep 9, 2020, photo on top processed |
NGC 7331 - Oct 9, 2021, photo on top processed |
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NGC 7331 - Dec 21, 2021 |
NGC 7331 - Dec 21, 2021, photo left processed |
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NGC 7331 - Nov 2, 2022 |
NGC 7331 - Nov 2, 2022, photo left processed |
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NGC 7331 & SQ - Sep 6, 2023, 10 min |
NGC 7331 & SQ - Sep 6, 2023, photo left processed |
Evaluation with nova.astrometry.net |
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Galaxies close to NGC 7331: NGC 7325, NGC 7326, NGC 7327, NGC 7335, NGC 7336, NGC 7337, NGC 7338 (double star), NGC 7340 | ||
NGC 7331 - Dec 18, 2023, 3 min |
NGC 7331 - Dec 18, 2023, photo left processed |
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NGC 7331 & SQ, Aug 25, 2022 - original (90 frames = 900 seconds) |
Evaluation with nova.strometry.net |
Galaxies close to NGC 7331: IC 1450, NGC 7325, NGC 7326, NGC 7327, NGC 7333 (double star), NGC 7335, NGC 7336, NGC 7337, NGC 7338 (double star), NGC 7340